Fondo de planta borrosa de tratamiento de cáncer de mecc

Tratamiento del sarcoma de Ewing

Tratamiento del sarcoma de Ewing

If your child has been diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma—a rare type of cancer that affects bone and soft tissue—comprehensive, compassionate care can go a long way toward healing and recovery. That’s what we provide at Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Einstein (CHAM). And it’s why families throughout the New York metropolitan area, across the country and around the world turn to us for their child’s care.

We bring a team of specialists to each patient we work with. It includes pediatric oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, diagnostic radiologists, pathologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, physical and occupational therapists, social workers, child life specialists and others. Our multidisciplinary and collaborative approach to research and patient care ensures your child will receive the best treatment in a supportive and nurturing environment.

Our surgeons are among the world’s best in techniques that completely remove tumors from an affected limb while preserving optimal function. Team members are actively working to develop new treatment strategies for childhood sarcomas, both here at CHAM and through internally recognized consortia, including the Children’s Oncology Group and the National Pediatric Cancer Foundation. Through advanced research, we’re able to offer the latest clinical trials.

Cuando desee lo mejor para su hijo, recurra a los especialistas del Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center en CHAM, quienes se apasionan por terminar con el cáncer y abordar todas las necesidades de salud de su hijo.

Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version

General Information About Ewing Sarcoma

Puntos clave

  • Ewing sarcoma is a type of cancer that forms from a certain kind of cell in bone or soft tissue.
  • Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma may also form in the bone or soft tissue.
  • A genetic condition may increase the risk of Ewing sarcoma and other sarcomas.
  • Symptoms of Ewing sarcoma include swelling and pain near the tumor.
  • Tests that examine the bone and soft tissue are used to diagnose and stage Ewing sarcoma.
  • Ciertos factores afectan el pronóstico (posibilidad de recuperación).

Ewing sarcoma is a type of cancer that forms from a certain kind of cell in bone or soft tissue.

Ewing sarcoma may form in the bones of the legs, arms, feet, hands, chest, pelvis, spine, or skull. It may also form in the body's soft tissues, which connect, support, and surround other body parts and organs.

Ewing sarcoma is most common in adolescents and young adults (teens through mid-20s).

Ewing sarcoma has also been called peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, Askin tumor (Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall), extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (Ewing sarcoma in tissue other than bone), and Ewing sarcoma family of tumors.

Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma may also form in the bone or soft tissue.

Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma usually forms in the bones or the muscles that are attached to bones and that help the body move. Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma is usually treated the same way as Ewing sarcoma. Types of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas include:

  • Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with BCOR rearrangements. This type of round cell sarcoma usually forms in the pelvis, arms, or legs and may spread to other parts of the body. It is more common in children younger than 18 years. In this type of round cell sarcoma, the BCOR gene is joined to the CCNB3 gene or to other genes. To diagnose this round cell sarcoma, the tumor cells are checked for these gene changes.
  • Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with CIC::DUX4 rearrangements. This type of round cell sarcoma usually forms in the trunk, arms, or legs. It is most common in males and in young adults. In this type of round cell sarcoma, the CIC gene is joined to the DUX4 gene. To diagnose this round cell sarcoma, the tumor cells are checked for this gene change.
  • Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with CIC::NUTM1 rearrangements. This type of soft tissue tumor usually forms in the central nervous system, but it can also form in the trunk. It is most common in children about 6 years of age.
  • Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with ATXN1::NUTM2A or ATXN1L::NUTM2A fusions. This type of soft tissue tumor has been found in three children. All were newborns or infants, and the cancer was in the central nervous system or peritoneum.
  • Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with EWSR1::NFATC2 and FUS::NFATC2 rearrangements. This type of soft tissue tumor may be a benign cyst or a malignant (cancer) tumor. It usually forms in the arms and legs. The malignant tumor is more common in males and in adults.
  • Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with EWSR1::PATZ1 fusions. This type of soft tissue tumor usually forms in the trunk and is more common in adults.

A genetic condition may increase the risk of Ewing sarcoma and other sarcomas.

Ewing sarcoma is caused by certain changes to the way bone cells function, especially how they grow and divide into new cells. Often, the exact cause of these changes is unknown. Learn more about how cancer develops at What Is Cancer?

A risk factor is anything that increases the chance of getting a disease. Not every child with a risk factor will develop Ewing sarcoma or other sarcomas. And they can develop in some children who don't have a known risk factor. Children with Fanconi anemia may be at increased risk of Ewing sarcoma. Talk with your child's doctor if you think your child may be at risk.

Symptoms of Ewing sarcoma include swelling and pain near the tumor.

It's important to check with your child's doctor if your child has:

  • a lump (which may feel soft and warm) in the arms, legs, chest, or pelvis
  • pain and/or swelling near the lump
  • fiebre sin razón conocida
  • un hueso que se rompe sin razón conocida
  • a limp when walking
  • fatiga
  • weight loss
  • anemia
  • Dificultad para respirar
  • back pain, weakness, numbness, or paralysis in the arms or legs

These symptoms may be caused by problems other than Ewing sarcoma. The only way to know is for your child to see a doctor.

Tests that examine the bone and soft tissue are used to diagnose and stage Ewing sarcoma.

If your child has symptoms that suggest Ewing sarcoma, the doctor will need to find out if these are due to cancer or another problem. The doctor will ask when the symptoms started and how often your child has been having them. They also will ask about your child's personal and family medical history and do a physical exam. Depending on these results, they may recommend other tests. If your child is diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma, the results of these tests will help you and your child's doctor plan treatment.

Cancer stage describes the extent of cancer in the body, such as the size of the tumor, whether it has spread, and how far it has spread from where it first formed. To plan treatment, it is important to know whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Tests and procedures to detect, diagnose, and stage Ewing sarcoma are usually done at the same time.

The tests used to diagnose and stage Ewing sarcoma may include:

  • IRM (imagen por resonancia magnética) uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the area where the tumor formed. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
    Exploración por resonancia magnética (IRM); el dibujo muestra a un niño acostado en una mesa que se desliza dentro de la máquina de resonancia magnética, que toma una serie de imágenes detalladas de áreas internas del cuerpo.

    Resonancia magnética (RM). El niño se recuesta en una camilla que se desliza dentro del equipo de resonancia magnética, que toma una serie de imágenes detalladas del interior del cuerpo. La posición del niño en la camilla depende de la parte del cuerpo que se va a examinar.

  • Tomografía computarizada (TC) uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the area where the tumor formed or the chest. The pictures are taken from different angles and are used to create 3-D views of tissues and organs. A dye may be inyectado into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography. Learn more about Tomografías computarizadas (TC) y cáncer.
    Tomografía computarizada (TC); el dibujo muestra a un niño acostado en una mesa que se desliza a través del escáner TC, que toma una serie de imágenes de rayos X detalladas de áreas internas del cuerpo.

    Tomografía computarizada (TC). El niño se recuesta sobre una camilla que se desliza a través del escáner, el cual toma una serie de radiografías detalladas de áreas internas del cuerpo.

  • Exploración PET-TC combines the pictures from a positron emission tomography scan (Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP)) and CT scan. The PET and CT scans are done at the same time on the same machine. The pictures from both scans are combined to make a more detailed picture than either test would make by itself. For the PET scan, a small amount of material radioactivo sugar (radioactive glucose) is injected into a vein. The scanner rotates around the body and makes a picture of where the sugar is being used in the body. Cancer cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more sugar than normal cells do.
    Tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET); el dibujo muestra a un niño acostado en una mesa que se desliza a través del escáner PET.

    Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP). El niño se recuesta sobre una camilla que se desliza a través del escáner TEP. El reposacabezas y la correa blanca ayudan al niño a permanecer inmóvil. Se inyecta una pequeña cantidad de glucosa radiactiva (azúcar) en la vena del niño y un escáner genera una imagen de las zonas del cuerpo donde se utiliza la glucosa. Las células cancerosas se ven más brillantes en la imagen porque absorben más glucosa que las células normales.

  • Gammagrafía ósea checks if there are rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, in the bone. A very small amount of material radioactivo Se inyecta material en una vena y viaja por el torrente sanguíneo. El material radiactivo se acumula en los huesos con cáncer y se detecta mediante un escáner.
    Bone scan; drawing shows a child lying on a table that slides under the scanner, a technician operating the scanner, and a computer monitor that will show images made during the scan.

    Bone scan. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into the child's vein and travels through the blood. The radioactive material collects in the bones. As the child lies on a table that slides under the scanner, the radioactive material is detected and images are made on a computer screen.

  • Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy removes médula ósea and a small piece of bone by inserting a hollow needle into the hipbone. Samples are removed from both hipbones. A patólogo views the bone marrow and bone under a microscope to see if the cancer has spread. This test is only used if other tests have shown that the cancer may have spread from where it first formed.
    Aspiración y biopsia de médula ósea; el dibujo muestra a un niño acostado boca abajo sobre una mesa y se le inserta una aguja de médula ósea en el hueso de la cadera derecho. Un recuadro muestra cómo se inserta la aguja para la médula ósea a través de la piel hasta la médula ósea del hueso de la cadera.

    Aspiración y biopsia de médula ósea. Después de adormecer una pequeña área de piel, se inserta una aguja de médula ósea en el hueso de la cadera del niño. Se extraen muestras de sangre, hueso y médula ósea para examinarlas al microscopio.

  • X-ray is a type of radiation that can go through the body and make pictures of areas inside the body, such as the chest or the area where the tumor formed.
  • Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) checks a sample of blood for:
  • Blood chemistry study uses a blood sample to measure the amounts of certain substances, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), released into the blood by organs and tissues in the body. An unusual amount of a substance can be a sign of disease.
  • Biopsias is a procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the tumor so that a pathologist can view it under a microscope to check for cancer. The following types of biopsies are used to check for Ewing sarcoma:
    • La biopsia incisional extrae una muestra de tejido a través de una incisión en la piel.
    • Needle biopsy uses a needle to remove a sample of tissue.

    The child's pathologist, radiation oncologist, and surgeon usually work together to decide the best site to place the needle or biopsy incision. The selection of the biopsy site is important. A biopsy site that is not properly selected may result in more extensive surgery to remove the tumor or a larger area that is treated with radiation therapy.

    If there is a chance that the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, one or more lymph nodes may be removed and checked for cancer.

    The following tests may be done on the tissue that is removed:

    • Cytogenetic analysis is a test in which the chromosomes of cells in a sample of tissue are counted and checked for any changes, such as broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes. Changes in certain chromosomes may be a sign of cancer. Cytogenetic analysis is used to help diagnose cancer, plan treatment, or find out how well treatment is working.
    • Immunohistochemistry is a test that uses antibodies to check for certain antigens (markers) in a sample of a patient's tissue. The antibodies are usually linked to an enzyme or a fluorescent dye. After the antibodies bind to a specific antigen in the tissue sample, the enzyme or dye is activated, and the antigen can then be seen under a microscope. This type of test is used to help diagnose cancer and to help tell one type of cancer from another type.
    • Flow cytometry measures the number of cells in a sample, the percentage of live cells in a sample, and certain characteristics of the cells, such as size, shape, and the presence of tumor (or other) markers on the cell surface. The cells from a sample of a patient's blood, bone marrow, or other tissue are stained with a fluorescent dye, placed in a fluid, and then passed one at a time through a beam of light. The test results are based on how the cells that were stained with the fluorescent dye react to the beam of light.
    • Molecular test checks for certain genes, proteins, or other molecules in a sample of tissue, blood, or other body fluid. A molecular test may be done with other procedures, such as biopsies, to help diagnose some types of cancer. Molecular tests check for certain gene or chromosome changes that occur in some Ewing sarcomas.
    • Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) test measures the amount of a genetic substance called mRNA made by a specific gene. An enzyme called reverse transcriptase is used to convert a specific piece of RNA into a matching piece of DNA, which can be amplified (made in large numbers) by another enzyme called DNA polymerase. The amplified DNA copies help tell whether a specific mRNA is being made by a gene. RT–PCR can be used to check the activation of certain genes that may indicate the presence of cancer cells. This test may be used to look for certain changes in a gene or chromosome, which may help diagnose cancer.

Ciertos factores afectan el pronóstico (posibilidad de recuperación).

If your child has been diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma, you likely have questions about how serious the cancer is and your child's chances of survival. The likely outcome or course of a disease is called prognosis. The factors that affect prognosis are different before and after treatment.

Before any treatment is given, prognosis depends on:

  • whether the tumor has spread to lymph nodes or distant parts of the body
  • where in the body the tumor started
  • whether the tumor formed in the bone or in soft tissue
  • how large the tumor is when the tumor is diagnosed
  • whether the LDH level in the blood is higher than normal
  • whether the tumor has certain gene changes
  • whether tumor cells or DNA has been found in the blood
  • your child's age
  • your child's sex
  • whether your child has had treatment for a different cancer
  • whether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has come back

After treatment is given, prognosis is affected by:

  • Si el tumor fue extirpado completamente mediante cirugía
  • whether the tumor responded to chemotherapy or radiation therapy

If the cancer recurs after initial treatment, prognosis depends on:

  • whether the cancer came back more than two years after the initial treatment
  • whether the cancer came back where it first formed and in other parts of the body, or whether the cancer came back in only one site

Stages of Ewing Sarcoma

Puntos clave

  • Ewing sarcoma is described as localized, metastatic, or recurrent.
    • Localized Ewing sarcoma
    • Metastatic Ewing sarcoma
    • Recurrent Ewing sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is described as localized, metastatic, or recurrent.

Localized Ewing sarcoma

The cancer is found in the bone or soft tissue where it began and may have spread to nearby tissue, including nearby lymph nodes.

Metastatic Ewing sarcoma

The cancer has spread from the bone or soft tissue where it began to other parts of the body. In Ewing sarcoma of bone, the cancer most often spreads to the lung, other bones, and bone marrow.

Recurrent Ewing sarcoma

The cancer has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the bone or soft tissue where it began or in another part of the body.

Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento

Puntos clave

  • Children with Ewing sarcoma should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating cancer in children.
  • There are different types of treatment for children with Ewing sarcoma.
  • Se utilizan los siguientes tipos de tratamiento:
    • La quimioterapia
    • La radioterapia
    • Cirugía
    • Trasplante de células madre
  • You may want to think about having your child take part in a clinical trial.
  • Treatment for Ewing sarcoma may cause side effects.
  • A veces se necesitan cuidados de seguimiento.

Children with Ewing sarcoma should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating cancer in children.

A pediatric oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating children with cancer, oversees treatment of Ewing sarcoma. The pediatric oncologist works with other health care providers who are experts in treating children with Ewing sarcoma and who specialize in certain areas of medicine. Other specialists may include:

There are different types of treatment for children with Ewing sarcoma.

You and your child's care team will work together to decide treatment. Many factors will be considered, such as where the cancer is located, your child's age and overall health, and whether the cancer is newly diagnosed or has come back.

El plan de tratamiento de su hijo incluirá información sobre el tumor, los objetivos del tratamiento, las opciones de tratamiento y los posibles efectos secundarios. Será útil hablar con el equipo médico de su hijo antes de comenzar el tratamiento sobre qué esperar. Para obtener ayuda en cada etapa del proceso, consulte nuestro folleto "Niños con cáncer: Una guía para padres" .

Se utilizan los siguientes tipos de tratamiento:

La quimioterapia

Chemotherapy (also called chemo) uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy either kills the cancer cells or stops them from dividing.

Chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma is taken by mouth or injected into a vein. When given this way, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body. Systemic combination chemotherapy is often given to shrink the tumor before surgery or radiation therapy and to kill any cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. It is often the first treatment given and lasts for about 6 to 12 months.

Chemotherapy drugs used alone or in combination to treat Ewing sarcoma include:

También pueden utilizarse otros medicamentos de quimioterapia no enumerados aquí.

Más información sobre cómo funciona la quimioterapia, cómo se administra, los efectos secundarios comunes y más en Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer .

La radioterapia

Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. Ewing sarcoma is treated with external beam radiation therapy. This type of therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer.

Radiation therapy is used when the tumor cannot be removed by surgery or when surgery to remove the tumor will affect important body functions or the way the child will look. It may be used to make the tumor smaller and decrease the amount of tissue that needs to be removed during surgery. It may also be used to treat any tumor that remains after surgery and tumors that have spread to other parts of the body.

Radiation therapy may also be used as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms caused by the tumor in the bone.

Más información sobre la radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer y los efectos secundarios de la radioterapia.

Cirugía

Surgery is usually done to remove cancer that is left after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. When possible, the whole tumor is removed by surgery. Tissue and bone that are removed may be replaced with a graft, which uses tissue and bone taken from another part of the child's body or a donor. Sometimes an implant, such as artificial bone, is used.

After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some children may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery to lower the risk that the cancer will come back is called adjuvant therapy.

Trasplante de células madre

High doses of chemotherapy are given to kill cancer cells. These treatments destroy healthy cells, including blood-forming cells. Stem cell transplant is a treatment to replace the blood-forming cells. Stem cells (immature blood cells) are removed from the child's blood or bone marrow and are frozen and stored. After the child completes chemotherapy, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the child through an infusion. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the body's blood cells. Stem cell transplant is used to treat localized and recurrent Ewing sarcoma.

You may want to think about having your child take part in a clinical trial.

Para algunos niños, participar en un ensayo clínico puede ser una opción. Existen distintos tipos de ensayos clínicos para el cáncer infantil. Por ejemplo, un ensayo de tratamiento prueba nuevos tratamientos o nuevas formas de utilizar los tratamientos actuales. Los ensayos de cuidados paliativos y de apoyo buscan formas de mejorar la calidad de vida, especialmente para aquellos que tienen efectos secundarios a causa del cáncer y su tratamiento.

Puede usar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos para encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer financiados por el NCI que aceptan participantes. Esta búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, la edad de su hijo/a y el lugar donde se realizan. Puede encontrar ensayos clínicos financiados por otras organizaciones en el sitio web ClinicalTrials.gov .

Más información sobre ensayos clínicos, incluido cómo encontrar y participar en uno de ellos, en Información sobre ensayos clínicos para pacientes y cuidadores.

Treatment for Ewing sarcoma may cause side effects.

Cancer treatments can cause side effects. Which side effects your child might have depends on the type of treatment they receive, the dose, and how their body reacts. Talk with your child's treatment team about which side effects to look for and ways to manage them.

Para obtener más información sobre los efectos secundarios que aparecen durante el tratamiento del cáncer, consulte la sección Efectos secundarios.

Los problemas derivados del tratamiento del cáncer que comienzan 6 meses o más después del tratamiento y continúan durante meses o años se denominan efectos tardíos. Los efectos tardíos del tratamiento del cáncer pueden incluir:

  • physical problems
  • cambios en el estado de ánimo, los sentimientos, el pensamiento, el aprendizaje o la memoria
  • second cancers (new types of cancer), such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, or sarcoma in the areas treated with radiation therapy

Algunos efectos tardíos pueden tratarse o controlarse. Es importante hablar con los médicos de su hijo sobre los efectos que el tratamiento del cáncer puede tener en su hijo. Más información sobre los efectos tardíos del tratamiento del cáncer infantil .

A veces se necesitan cuidados de seguimiento.

A medida que su hijo se somete al tratamiento, se le harán pruebas o controles de seguimiento. Es posible que se repitan algunas pruebas que se realizaron para diagnosticar o estadificar el cáncer para ver qué tan bien está funcionando el tratamiento. Las decisiones sobre si continuar, cambiar o suspender el tratamiento pueden basarse en los resultados de estas pruebas.

Algunas de las pruebas se seguirán realizando periódicamente después de que finalice el tratamiento. Los resultados de estas pruebas pueden mostrar si la afección de su hijo ha cambiado o si el cáncer ha reaparecido (recaído).

To learn more about these follow-up tests, visit Tests to diagnose Ewing sarcoma.

Treatment of Localized Ewing Sarcoma

Treatments for newly diagnosed localized Ewing sarcoma include:

Más información sobre estos tratamientos en la Descripción general de opciones de tratamiento.

Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.

Treatment of Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma

Treatments for newly diagnosed metastatic Ewing sarcoma include:

  • Quimioterapia
  • cirugía
  • radioterapia

Más información sobre estos tratamientos en la Descripción general de opciones de tratamiento.

Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.

Treatment of Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma

Treatment of recurrent Ewing sarcoma may include:

Más información sobre estos tratamientos en la Descripción general de opciones de tratamiento.

Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.

Related resources

Información sobre este resumen del PDQ

Acerca del PDQ

Physician Data Query (PDQ) es la base de datos integral sobre el cáncer del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI). La base de datos del PDQ contiene resúmenes de la última información publicada sobre prevención, detección, genética, tratamiento, atención médica de apoyo y medicina complementaria y alternativa relacionada con el cáncer. La mayoría de los resúmenes se redactan en dos versiones. Las versiones para profesionales de la salud contienen información detallada escrita en lenguaje técnico. Las versiones para pacientes están redactadas en un lenguaje fácil de entender, que no es técnico. Ambas versiones contienen información sobre el cáncer correcta y actualizada. La mayoría de las versiones también están disponibles en español.

El PDQ es un servicio del NCI. El NCI es parte de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (NIH), que son el centro de investigación biomédica del Gobierno federal. Los resúmenes del PDQ se basan en una revisión independiente de la literatura médica. No son declaraciones de políticas del NCI ni de los NIH.

Propósito de este resumen

This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood Ewing sarcoma. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.

Revisores y actualizaciones

Los consejos editoriales escriben los resúmenes de información sobre el cáncer del PDQ y los mantienen actualizados. Estos consejos están conformados por equipos de especialistas en el tratamiento del cáncer y otras especialidades relacionadas con esta enfermedad. Los resúmenes se revisan periódicamente y se modifican cuando hay información nueva. La fecha de actualización al pie de cada resumen indica cuándo fue el cambio más reciente.

La información de este resumen para pacientes procede de la versión para profesionales de la salud, la cual el Consejo editorial del PDQ sobre el tratamiento pediátrico revisa y actualiza de forma periódica según sea necesario.

Información sobre ensayos clínicos

Un ensayo clínico es un estudio para responder a una pregunta científica; por ejemplo, si un tratamiento es mejor que otro. Los ensayos se basan en estudios anteriores y en lo que se ha aprendido en el laboratorio. Cada ensayo responde a ciertas preguntas científicas para descubrir mejores maneras de ayudar a los pacientes con cáncer. Durante los ensayos clínicos de tratamiento, se recopila información sobre los efectos de un tratamiento nuevo y su eficacia. Si un ensayo clínico demuestra que un tratamiento nuevo es mejor que uno que se utiliza actualmente, el tratamiento nuevo puede convertirse en “estándar”. Participar en un ensayo clínico puede ser una opción para los pacientes. Algunos ensayos clínicos están abiertos solo a pacientes que aún no han comenzado el tratamiento.

Los ensayos clínicos se pueden encontrar en línea en el sitio web del NCI. Para obtener más información, llame al Servicio de Información sobre el Cáncer (CIS, por sus siglas en inglés), el centro de contacto del NCI, al 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

Permiso de uso de este resumen

PDQ (Physician Data Query) es una marca registrada. Se autoriza el libre uso del contenido de los documentos del PDQ como texto. Sin embargo, no se podrá identificar como un resumen de información sobre cáncer del PDQ del NCI, salvo que se reproduzca en su totalidad y se actualice con regularidad. Por otra parte, se permite que los autores incluyan una oración como: “En el resumen del PDQ del NCI sobre la prevención del cáncer de mama se describen, de manera concisa, los siguientes riesgos: [incluir fragmento del resumen]”.

La forma recomendada para citar este resumen del PDQ es:

PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Ewing Sarcoma Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389350]

Las imágenes de este resumen se utilizan con el permiso del autor, artista y/o editorial para uso exclusivo en los resúmenes del PDQ. Si desea usar una imagen de un resumen del PDQ sin incluir el resumen completo, debe obtener autorización del propietario. El National Cancer Institute no puede otorgar dicho permiso. Para obtener más información sobre el uso de las imágenes de este resumen o de otras ilustraciones relacionadas con el cáncer, consulte Visuals Online, una colección de más de 3,000 imágenes científicas.

Descargo de responsabilidad

La información de estos resúmenes no debe utilizarse para tomar decisiones sobre reembolsos de seguros. Puede encontrar más información sobre la cobertura de seguros disponible en Cancer.gov/espanol en la página Manejo de la atención médica del cáncer.

Contáctenos

Puede encontrar más información sobre cómo contactarnos o recibir ayuda en el sitio web Cancer.gov en la página Contact Us for Help. También puede enviar sus preguntas a Cancer.gov en el apartado E-mail Us del sitio web.

Updated:

Este contenido ha sido facilitado por el National Cancer Institute (www.cancer.gov)
Detalles sobre el contenido distribuido:
Source URL: https://www.cancer.gov/node/5824/syndication
Agencia de origen: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Captured Date: 2013-09-14 09:03:06.0