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Tratamiento del cáncer de uretra

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Tratamiento del cáncer de uretra

You can access compassionate, comprehensive care for urethral cancer at the Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center. We believe each person is unique, and no two cancers are alike. For each person we serve, our cancer team develops an individualized treatment plan designed to achieve the best possible outcome.

As one of the first NCI-designated cancer centers, for more than 50 years, we’ve been a leader in the research, diagnosis and treatment of over 200 types of cancer.

You can expect compassionate, personalized care that meets the highest standards for quality and safety. Our goal is to eliminate the cancer, normalize urinary function, and restore sexual function. Our patient recovery program supports these goals while providing access to nurse-led support groups.

You also benefit from our ongoing research into new, innovative treatments, some of which can be included in your care before they’re widely available if you choose to participate in one of our leading-edge cancer clinical trials. And our team is committed to whole person care and offers patients a full choice of support services and palliative care programs to meet the complex medical, emotional and spiritual needs of patients and their families.

When you need urethral cancer care, turn to our providers who are passionate about ending cancer and addressing your whole health needs.

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Como centro del cáncer designado por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI, por sus siglas en inglés) Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center apoya la misión y las normas del NCI. La siguiente información sobre los tipos de cáncer, prevención y tratamientos ha sido facilitada por el NCI.

Urethral Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version

General Information About Urethral Cancer

Ir a la versión para profesionales de la salud

Puntos clave

  • Urethral cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the urethra.
  • There are different types of urethral cancer that begin in cells that line the urethra.
  • A history of bladder cancer can affect the risk of urethral cancer.
  • Signs of urethral cancer include bleeding or trouble with urination.
  • Tests that examine the urethra and bladder are used to diagnose urethral cancer.
  • Hay algunos factores que afectan al pronóstico (es decir, la posibilidad de recuperación) y a las opciones de tratamiento.

Urethral cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the urethra.

The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. In women, the urethra is about 1½ inches long and is just above the vagina. In men, the urethra is about 8 inches long, and goes through the prostate gland and the penis to the outside of the body. In men, the urethra also carries semen.

Ampliar
Anatomy of the male urinary system (left panel) and female urinary system (right panel); two-panel drawing showing the right and left kidneys, the ureters, the bladder filled with urine, and the urethra. The inside of the left kidney shows the renal pelvis. An inset shows the renal tubules and urine. Also shown are the prostate and penis (left panel) and the uterus (right panel).

Anatomy of the male urinary system (left panel) and female urinary system (right panel) showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The inside of the left kidney shows the renal pelvis. An inset shows the renal tubules and urine. Also shown are the prostate and penis (left panel) and the uterus (right panel). Urine is made in the renal tubules and collects in the renal pelvis of each kidney. The urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The urine is stored in the bladder until it leaves the body through the urethra.

Urethral cancer is a rare cancer that occurs more often in men than in women.

There are different types of urethral cancer that begin in cells that line the urethra.

These cancers are named for the types of cells that become malignant (cancer):

  • Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of urethral cancer. It forms in the thin, flat cells in the part of the urethra near the bladder in women, and in the lining of the urethra in the penis in men.
  • Transitional cell carcinoma forms in the area near the urethral opening in women, and in the part of the urethra that goes through the prostate gland in men.
  • Adenocarcinoma forms in the glands that are around the urethra in both men and women.

Urethral cancer can metastasize (spread) quickly to tissues around the urethra and is often found in nearby lymph nodes by the time it is diagnosed.

A history of bladder cancer can affect the risk of urethral cancer.

Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Risk factors for urethral cancer include the following:

Signs of urethral cancer include bleeding or trouble with urination.

These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by urethral cancer or by other conditions. There may be no signs or symptoms in the early stages. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following:

  • Trouble starting the flow of urine.
  • Weak or interrupted ("stop-and-go") flow of urine.
  • Frequent urination, especially at night.
  • Incontinence.
  • Discharge from the urethra.
  • Bleeding from the urethra or blood in the urine.
  • A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis.
  • A painless lump or swelling in the groin.

Tests that examine the urethra and bladder are used to diagnose urethral cancer.

Se pueden utilizar las siguientes pruebas y procedimientos:

  • Physical exam and health history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient's health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.
  • Pelvic exam: Un examen de la vagina, cuello uterino, útero, trompas de Falopio, ovarios, y recto. Un speculum is inserted into the vagina and the doctor or nurse looks at the vagina and cervix for signs of disease. The doctor or nurse also inserts one or two lubricated, dedos enguantados de una mano en la vagina y coloca la otra mano sobre la parte inferior abdomen to feel the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries. The doctor or nurse also inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for lumps or anormal areas.
    Ampliar
    Examen pélvico; el dibujo muestra una vista lateral de la anatomía reproductiva femenina durante un examen pélvico. Se muestran el útero, la trompa de Falopio izquierda, el ovario izquierdo, el cuello uterino, la vagina, la vejiga y el recto. Se muestran dos dedos enguantados de una mano del médico o la enfermera insertados en la vagina, mientras que la otra mano se muestra presionando la parte inferior del abdomen. El recuadro muestra a una mujer cubierta por una cortina en una mesa de examen con las piernas separadas y los pies en estribos.

    Pelvic exam. A doctor or nurse inserts one or two lubricated, gloved fingers of one hand into the vagina and presses on the lower abdomen with the other hand. This is done to feel the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries. The vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, and rectum are also checked.

  • Digital rectal exam: An exam of the rectum. The doctor or nurse inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of the rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.
  • Urine cytology: A laboratory test in which a sample of urine is checked under a microscope for abnormal cells.
  • Urinalysis: A test to check the color of urine and its contents, such as sugar, protein, blood, and white blood cells. If white blood cells (a sign of infection) are found, a urine culture is usually done to find out what type of infection it is.
  • Estudios de química sanguínea: constituyen un procedimiento en el que se analiza una muestra de sangre para medir las cantidades de ciertas sustancias liberadas a la sangre por los órganos y tejidos del cuerpo. Una cantidad inusual (mayor o menor de lo normal) de una sustancia puede ser un signo de enfermedad.
  • Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC): procedimiento en el que se extrae una muestra de sangre y se examina lo siguiente:
  • CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the pelvis and abdomen, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
  • Ureteroscopy: A procedure to look inside the uréter y renal pelvis to check for abnormal areas. A ureteroscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lente for viewing. The ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis. A tool may be inserted through the ureteroscope to take tissue samples to be checked under a microscope for signs of disease.
    Ampliar
    Drawing of a female and male ureteroscopy showing the lower pelvis of a female, including the right and left kidneys, renal pelvis, ureter, uterus, bladder, and urethra, and the lower pelvis of a male, including the ureter, bladder, prostate, urethra, and penis. In both the female and male figures, a ureteroscope (a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing) is shown passing through the urethra into the bladder and ureter. In the female figure, the ureteroscope is also shown passing into the renal pelvis. There is also an inset that shows a person lying on an examination table with their knees bent and legs apart, covered by a drape, and a doctor looking at an image of the inside of the ureter and/or renal pelvis on a computer monitor.

    A ureteroscopy is a procedure that uses a ureteroscope (a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing) to look inside the ureter and renal pelvis to check for abnormal areas. The ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis.

  • Biopsy: The removal of cell or tissue samples from the urethra, bladder, and, sometimes, the prostate gland. The samples are viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer.

Hay algunos factores que afectan al pronóstico (es decir, la posibilidad de recuperación) y a las opciones de tratamiento.

El pronóstico y las opciones de tratamiento dependen de lo siguiente:

  • Where the cancer formed in the urethra.
  • Whether the cancer has spread through the mucosa lining the urethra to nearby tissue, to lymph nodes, or to other parts of the body.
  • Whether the patient is a male or female.
  • La salud general del paciente.
  • Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back).

Stages of Urethral Cancer

Puntos clave

  • After urethral cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the urethra or to other parts of the body.
  • Hay tres formas en que el cáncer puede propagarse por el cuerpo.
  • El cáncer puede diseminarse desde donde comenzó a otras partes del cuerpo.
  • Urethral cancer is staged and treated based on the part of the urethra that is affected.
    • Distal urethral cancer
    • Proximal urethral cancer
  • Bladder and/or prostate cancer may occur at the same time as urethral cancer.
  • Urethral cancer can recur (come back) after it has been treated.

After urethral cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the urethra or to other parts of the body.

The process used to find out if cancer has spread within the urethra or to other parts of the body is called staging. The information gathered from the staging process determines the stage of the disease. It is important to know the stage in order to plan treatment.

The following procedures may be used in the staging process:

  • Chest x-ray: An x-ray of the organs and bones inside the chest. An x-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and onto film, making a picture of areas inside the body.
  • CT scan (CAT scan) of the pelvis and abdomen: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of the pelvis and abdomen, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of the urethra, nearby lymph nodes, and other soft tissue and bones in the pelvis. A substance called gadolinium is injected into the patient through a vein. The gadolinium collects around the cancer cells so they show up brighter in the picture. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
  • Urethrography: A series of x-rays of the urethra. An x-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and onto film, making a picture of areas inside the body. A dye is injected through the urethra into the bladder. The dye coats the bladder and urethra and x-rays are taken to see if the urethra is blocked and if cancer has spread to nearby tissue.

Hay tres formas en que el cáncer puede propagarse por el cuerpo.

El cáncer se puede propagar a través de los tejidos, el sistema linfático y la sangre:

  • Tejidos: el cáncer se propaga desde el lugar donde comenzó y crece hacia las áreas cercanas.
  • Sistema linfático: el cáncer se propaga desde el lugar donde comenzó hacia el sistema linfático. El cáncer viaja a través de los vasos linfáticos a otras partes del cuerpo.
  • Sangre: el cáncer se propaga desde el lugar donde comenzó hacia la la sangre. El cáncer viaja a través de los vasos sanguíneos a otras partes del cuerpo.

El cáncer puede diseminarse desde donde comenzó a otras partes del cuerpo.

Cuando el cáncer se propaga a otra parte del cuerpo, se llama metástasis . Las células cancerosas se desprenden de donde comenzaron (el tumor primario ) y viajan a través del sistema linfático o la sangre.

  • Sistema linfático. El cáncer ingresa al sistema linfático, viaja a través de los vasos linfáticos y forma un tumor (tumor metastásico ) en otra parte del cuerpo.
  • Sangre. El cáncer ingresa a la sangre, viaja a través de los vasos sanguíneos y forma un tumor (tumor metastásico) en otra parte del cuerpo.

The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if urethral cancer spreads to the lung, the cancer cells in the lung are actually urethral cancer cells. The disease is metastatic urethral cancer, not lung cancer.

Muchas muertes por cáncer se producen cuando el cáncer se desplaza del tumor original y se disemina a otros tejidos y órganos. Esto se llama cáncer metastásico. Esta animación muestra cómo las células cancerosas viajan desde el lugar del cuerpo donde se formaron por primera vez a otras partes del cuerpo.

Urethral cancer is staged and treated based on the part of the urethra that is affected.

Urethral cancer is staged and treated based on the part of the urethra that is affected and how deeply the tumor has spread into tissue around the urethra. Urethral cancer can be described as distal or proximal.

Ampliar
Distal and proximal urethra. Drawing on the left shows the female proximal and distal urethra; also shown are the bladder filled with urine, the ureters, and the uterus. Cross-section drawing on the right shows the male proximal and distal urethra. Also shown are the rectum, prostate gland, penis, and testis.

Anatomy of the distal and proximal urethra. Urine flows out of the bladder and leaves the body through the urethra. The part of the urethra that is closest to the bladder is called the proximal urethra. The part that is closest to where the urine leaves the body is called the distal urethra. The urethra is about 8 inches long in men and about 1½ inches long in women.

Distal urethral cancer

In distal urethral cancer, the cancer usually has not spread deeply into the tissue. In women, the part of the urethra that is closest to the outside of the body (about ½ inch) is affected. In men, the part of the urethra that is in the penis is affected.

Proximal urethral cancer

Proximal urethral cancer affects the part of the urethra that is not the distal urethra. In women and men, proximal urethral cancer usually has spread deeply into tissue.

Bladder and/or prostate cancer may occur at the same time as urethral cancer.

In men, cancer that forms in the proximal urethra (the part of the urethra that passes through the prostate to the bladder) may occur at the same time as cancer of the bladder and/or prostate. Sometimes this occurs at diagnosis and sometimes it occurs later.

Urethral cancer can recur (come back) after it has been treated.

The cancer may come back in the urethra or in other parts of the body.

Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento

Puntos clave

  • There are different types of treatment for patients with urethral cancer.
  • Se utilizan los siguientes tipos de tratamiento:
    • Cirugía
    • Radioterapia
    • Quimioterapia
    • Vigilancia activa
  • Se están probando nuevos tipos de tratamiento en ensayos clínicos.
  • Treatment for urethral cancer may cause side effects.
  • Los pacientes podrían considerar la posibilidad de participar en un ensayo clínico.
  • Los pacientes pueden participar en ensayos clínicos antes, durante o después de comenzar su tratamiento para el cáncer.
  • Es posible que se necesiten pruebas de seguimiento.

There are different types of treatment for patients with urethral cancer.

Different types of treatments are available for patients with urethral cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.

Se utilizan los siguientes tipos de tratamiento:

Cirugía

Surgery to remove the cancer is the most common treatment for cancer of the urethra. One of the following types of surgery may be done:

  • Open excision: Removal of the cancer by surgery.
  • Transurethral resection (TUR): Surgery to remove the cancer using a special tool inserted into the urethra.
  • Electroresection with fulguration: Surgery to remove the cancer by electric current. A lighted tool with a small wire loop on the end is used to remove the cancer or to burn the tumor away with high-energy electricity.
  • Laser surgery: A surgical procedure that uses a laser beam (a narrow beam of intense light) as a knife to make bloodless cuts in tissue or to remove or destroy tissue.
  • Lymph node dissection: Lymph nodes in the pelvis and groin may be removed.
  • Cystourethrectomy: Surgery to remove the bladder and the urethra.
  • Cystoprostatectomy: Surgery to remove the bladder and the prostate.
  • Anterior exenteration: Surgery to remove the urethra, the bladder, and the vagina. Plastic surgery may be done to rebuild the vagina.
  • Partial penectomy: Surgery to remove the part of the penis surrounding the urethra where cancer has spread. Plastic surgery may be done to rebuild the penis.
  • Radical penectomy: Surgery to remove the entire penis. Plastic surgery may be done to rebuild the penis.

If the urethra is removed, the surgeon will make a new way for the urine to pass from the body. This is called urinary diversion. If the bladder is removed, the surgeon will make a new way for urine to be stored and passed from the body. The surgeon may use part of the small intestine to make a tube that passes urine through an opening (stoma). This is called an ostomy or urostomy. If a patient has an ostomy, a disposable bag to collect urine is worn under clothing. The surgeon may also use part of the small intestine to make a new storage pouch (continent reservoir) inside the body where the urine can collect. A tube (catheter) is then used to drain the urine through a stoma.

After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy.

Radioterapia

La radioterapia es un tratamiento contra el cáncer que utiliza rayos X de alta energía u otros tipos de radiación para matar las células cancerosas o evitar que crezcan. Hay dos tipos de radioterapia:

  • La radioterapia externa utiliza una máquina fuera del cuerpo para enviar radiación hacia el área del cuerpo con cáncer.
  • Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. Internal radiation therapy is also called brachytherapy.

The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type of cancer and where the cancer formed in the urethra. External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat urethral cancer.

Quimioterapia

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type of cancer and where the cancer formed in the urethra.

Vigilancia activa

Active surveillance is following a patient's condition without giving any treatment unless there are changes in test results. It is used to find early signs that the condition is getting worse. In active surveillance, patients are given certain exams and tests, including biopsies, on a regular schedule.

Se están probando nuevos tipos de tratamiento en ensayos clínicos.

La información sobre los ensayos clínicos está disponible en el sitio web del NCI.

Treatment for urethral cancer may cause side effects.

Para obtener información sobre los efectos secundarios causados por el tratamiento para el cáncer, visite nuestra página sobre efectos secundarios.

Los pacientes podrían considerar la posibilidad de participar en un ensayo clínico.

Para algunos pacientes, participar en un ensayo clínico puede ser la mejor opción de tratamiento. Los ensayos clínicos son parte del proceso de investigación del cáncer y se realizan para determinar si los nuevos tratamientos para el cáncer son seguros y eficaces o mejores que el tratamiento estándar.

Muchos de los tratamientos estándar actuales para el cáncer se basan en ensayos clínicos anteriores. Los pacientes que participan en un ensayo clínico pueden recibir el tratamiento estándar o ser de los primeros en recibir uno nuevo.

Los pacientes que participan en ensayos clínicos también ayudan a mejorar la forma en que se tratará el cáncer en el futuro. Incluso cuando los ensayos clínicos no conducen a nuevos tratamientos efectivos, suelen responder preguntas clave y contibuir de forma significativa al avance de la investigación.

Los pacientes pueden participar en ensayos clínicos antes, durante o después de comenzar su tratamiento para el cáncer.

En algunos ensayos clínicos solo pueden participar aquellos pacientes que aún no han recibido tratamiento. Otros ensayos prueban tratamientos para pacientes con cáncer que no han mostrado una mejoría. También hay ensayos que prueban nuevas formas de evitar una recidiva (regreso) del cáncer o de reducir los efectos secundarios del tratamiento del cáncer.

Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s clinical trials search webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the ClinicalTrials.gov website.

Es posible que se necesiten pruebas de seguimiento.

A medida que avanza el tratamiento, se le realizarán pruebas o controles de seguimiento. Es posible que se repitan algunas pruebas para diagnosticar o estadificar el cáncer con el fin de evaluar qué tan bien que está funcionando el tratamiento. Las decisiones sobre si continuar, cambiar o suspender el tratamiento pueden basarse en los resultados de estas pruebas.

Algunas de las pruebas se seguirán realizando de forma periódica después de que haya terminado el tratamiento. Los resultados de estas pruebas pueden mostrar si su afección ha cambiado o si el cáncer ha recidivado (regresado).

Treatment of Distal Urethral Cancer

Para obtener información sobre los tratamientos que se enumeran a continuación, consulte la sección Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento.

Treatment of abnormal cells in the mucosa (inside lining of the urethra that have not become cancer, may include surgery to remove the tumor (open excision or transurethral resection), electroresection with fulguration, or laser surgery.

Treatment of distal urethral cancer is different for men and women.

For women, treatment may include the following:

For men, treatment may include the following:

  • Surgery to remove the tumor (transurethral resection), electroresection and fulguration, or laser surgery for tumors that have not spread deeply into tissue.
  • Surgery to remove part of the penis (partial penectomy) for tumors that are near the tip of the penis. Sometimes nearby lymph nodes are also removed (lymph node dissection).
  • Surgery to remove part of the urethra for tumors that are in the distal urethra but not at the tip of the penis and have not spread deeply into tissue. Sometimes nearby lymph nodes are also removed (lymph node dissection).
  • Surgery to remove the penis (radical penectomy) for tumors that have spread deeply into tissue. Sometimes nearby lymph nodes are also removed (lymph node dissection).
  • Radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
  • Chemotherapy given together with radiation therapy.

Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.

Treatment of Proximal Urethral Cancer

Para obtener información sobre los tratamientos que se enumeran a continuación, consulte la sección Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento.

Treatment of proximal urethral cancer or urethral cancer that affects the entire urethra is different for men and women.

For women, treatment may include the following:

For men, treatment may include the following:

Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.

Treatment of Urethral Cancer that Forms with Invasive Bladder Cancer

Para obtener información sobre los tratamientos que se enumeran a continuación, consulte la sección Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento.

Treatment of urethral cancer that forms at the same time as invasive bladder cancer may include the following:

If the urethra is not removed during surgery to remove the bladder, treatment may include the following:

Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.

Treatment of Metastatic or Recurrent Urethral Cancer

Para obtener información sobre los tratamientos que se enumeran a continuación, consulte la sección Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento.

Treatment of urethral cancer that has metastasized (spread to other parts of the body) is usually chemotherapy.

Treatment of recurrent urethral cancer may include one or more of the following:

Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.

To Learn More About Urethral Cancer

For more information from the National Cancer Institute about urethral cancer, see the following:

Para obtener información general sobre el cáncer y otros recursos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, consulte:

Información sobre este resumen del PDQ

Acerca del PDQ

Physician Data Query (PDQ) es la base de datos integral sobre el cáncer del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI). La base de datos del PDQ contiene resúmenes de la última información publicada sobre prevención, detección, genética, tratamiento, atención médica de apoyo y medicina complementaria y alternativa relacionada con el cáncer. La mayoría de los resúmenes se redactan en dos versiones. Las versiones para profesionales de la salud contienen información detallada escrita en lenguaje técnico. Las versiones para pacientes están redactadas en un lenguaje fácil de entender, que no es técnico. Ambas versiones contienen información sobre el cáncer correcta y actualizada. La mayoría de las versiones también están disponibles en español.

PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.

Propósito de este resumen

This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of urethral cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.

Revisores y actualizaciones

Los consejos editoriales escriben los resúmenes de información sobre el cáncer del PDQ y los mantienen actualizados. Estos consejos están conformados por equipos de especialistas en el tratamiento del cáncer y otras especialidades relacionadas con esta enfermedad. Los resúmenes se revisan periódicamente y se modifican cuando hay información nueva. La fecha de actualización al pie de cada resumen indica cuándo fue el cambio más reciente.

La información de este resumen para pacientes procede de la versión para profesionales de la salud, la cual el Consejo Editorial del PDQ sobre el tratamiento para adultos revisa y actualiza de forma periódica según sea necesario.

Información sobre ensayos clínicos

Un ensayo clínico es un estudio para responder a una pregunta científica; por ejemplo, si un tratamiento es mejor que otro. Los ensayos se basan en estudios anteriores y en lo que se ha aprendido en el laboratorio. Cada ensayo responde a ciertas preguntas científicas para descubrir mejores maneras de ayudar a los pacientes con cáncer. Durante los ensayos clínicos de tratamiento, se recopila información sobre los efectos de un tratamiento nuevo y su eficacia. Si un ensayo clínico demuestra que un tratamiento nuevo es mejor que uno que se utiliza actualmente, el tratamiento nuevo puede convertirse en “estándar”. Participar en un ensayo clínico puede ser una opción para los pacientes. Algunos ensayos clínicos están abiertos solo a pacientes que aún no han comenzado el tratamiento.

Los ensayos clínicos se pueden encontrar en línea en el sitio web del NCI. Para obtener más información, llame al Servicio de Información sobre el Cáncer (CIS, por sus siglas en inglés), el centro de contacto del NCI, al 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

Permiso de uso de este resumen

PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”

La forma recomendada para citar este resumen del PDQ es:

PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Urethral Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389384]

Las imágenes de este resumen se utilizan con el permiso del autor, artista y/o editorial para uso exclusivo en los resúmenes del PDQ. Si desea usar una imagen de un resumen del PDQ sin incluir el resumen completo, debe obtener autorización del propietario. El National Cancer Institute no puede otorgar dicho permiso. Para obtener más información sobre el uso de las imágenes de este resumen o de otras ilustraciones relacionadas con el cáncer, consulte Visuals Online, una colección de más de 3,000 imágenes científicas.

Descargo de responsabilidad

La información de estos resúmenes no debe utilizarse para tomar decisiones sobre reembolsos de seguros. Puede encontrar más información sobre la cobertura de seguros disponible en Cancer.gov/espanol en la página Manejo de la atención médica del cáncer.

Contáctenos

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Updated:

Este contenido ha sido facilitado por el National Cancer Institute (www.cancer.gov)
Detalles sobre el contenido distribuido:
Source URL: https://www.cancer.gov/node/5927/syndication
Agencia de origen: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Captured Date: 2013-09-14 09:03:10.0