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Tratamiento del cáncer de estómago

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Tratamiento del cáncer de estómago

Access exceptional care for stomach cancer and other types of gastrointestinal cancers at Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center. Our multidisciplinary team has extensive experience caring for this cancer. As one of the first NCI-designated cancer centers, for more than 50 years, we’ve been a leader in the research, diagnosis and treatment of over 200 types of cancer.

We’re at the forefront of treatment and research for stomach cancer and other gastrointestinal cancers. Our patient-centered and evidence-based cancer care addresses the unique needs of each individual patient. Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center’s experts are equipped to undertake advanced surgical procedures not available at many other facilities and have greatly improved survival rates while reducing hospital stay and minimizing complications for our patients.

When you need stomach cancer care, turn to our providers who are passionate about ending cancer and addressing your whole health needs.

El Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, designado como centro integral del cáncer por el National Cancer Institute (NCI), apoya la misión y las normas del NCI. La siguiente información sobre los tipos de cáncer, prevención y tratamientos ha sido facilitada por el NCI.

Tratamiento del cáncer de estómago

Different types of treatments are available for stomach cancer. You and your cancer care team will work together to decide your treatment plan, which may include more than one type of treatment. Many factors will be considered, such as the stage of the cancer, your overall health, and your preferences. Your plan will include information about your cancer, the goals of treatment, your treatment options and the possible side effects, and the expected length of treatment.    

Antes de comenzar el tratamiento, puede resultarle útil hablar con su equipo de atención médica del cáncer sobre qué esperar. Le ayudará saber qué debe hacer antes de que comience el tratamiento, cómo se sentirá durante el mismo y qué tipo de apoyo necesitará. Para obtener más información, consulte el sitio web Preguntas para el médico sobre el tratamiento.

For treatment by stage, see Stomach Cancer Treatment by Stage. 

EN ESTA PÁGINA

Resección mucosal endoscópica

Endoscopic mucosal resection is a procedure that uses an endoscope to remove carcinoma in situ y early-stage cancer from the lining of the digestive tract. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens and tools to remove tissue.

Cirugía

Surgery is a common treatment for stomach cancer. The type of surgery depends on where the cancer is located.   

Other treatments may be given in addition to surgery:  

  • Treatment given before surgery is called preoperative therapy or neoadjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy may be given before surgery to shrink the tumor and reduce the amount of tissue that needs to be removed during surgery. Chemoradiation given before surgery, to shrink the tumor, is being studied.  
  • Treatment given after surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy. After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen, some patients may be given chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both to kill any cancer cells that are left.    

Gastrectomía

Gastrectomy, the removal of part or all of the stomach, is the main surgery for stomach cancer:  

  • Subtotal gastrectomy is the removal of the part of the stomach that contains cancer, nearby lymph nodes, and parts of other tissues and organs near the tumor. The spleen may also be removed. 
  • Total gastrectomy is the removal of the entire stomach, nearby lymph nodes, and parts of the esophagus, small intestine, and other tissues near the tumor. The spleen may also be removed. Then the surgeon attaches the esophagus to the small intestine so the patient can continue to eat and swallow.

Endoluminal stent placement

Endoluminal stent placement may be done when the tumor blocks the passage into or out of the stomach. In this procedure, the surgeon places a stent (a thin, expandable tube) from the esophagus to the stomach or from the stomach to the small intestine to allow the patient to eat normally.

Endoluminal laser therapy

Endoluminal laser therapy is a procedure in which an endoscope (a thin, lighted tube) with a laser attached is used as a knife to open a gastrointestinal blockage.

Gastrojejunostomy

Gastrojejunostomy is the removal of the part of the stomach with cancer that is blocking the opening into the small intestine. Then the surgeon connects the stomach to the jejunum (a part of the small intestine) to allow food and medicine to pass from the stomach into the small intestine.

Radioterapia

Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. Stomach cancer is sometimes treated with external radiation therapy. This type of radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer.

Para obtener más información, consulte Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer y Efectos secundarios de la radioterapia.

Quimioterapia

La quimioterapia (también llamada quimio) utiliza fármacos para detener el crecimiento de las células cancerosas, ya sea matándolas o impidiendo que se dividan.

Chemotherapy for stomach cancer is usually systemic, meaning it is injected into a vein or given by mouth. When given this way, the drugs enter the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body.  

Chemotherapy drugs used to treat stomach cancer include  

Para obtener más información sobre cómo funciona la quimioterapia, cómo se administra, los efectos secundarios comunes y mucho más, consulte Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer y La quimioterapia y usted: apoyo para personas con cáncer.

Terapia dirigida

Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. Your doctor may suggest biomarker tests to help predict your response to certain targeted therapy drugs. Learn more about Biomarker Testing for Cancer.

Targeted therapies used to treat stomach cancer include  

Obtenga más información en Terapia dirigida para tratar el cáncer.

Inmunoterapia

Immunotherapy helps a person’s immune system fight cancer. Your doctor may suggest biomarker tests to help predict your response to certain immunotherapy drugs. Learn more about Biomarker Testing for Cancer.   

Immunotherapy drugs used to treat stomach cancer include  

These drugs work in more than one way to kill cancer cells. They are also considered targeted therapy because they target specific changes or substances in cancer cells.    

Learn more about Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer and Immunotherapy Side Effects.   

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)

Regional chemotherapy is a method of placing chemotherapy directly into an organ or a body cavity, such as the abdomen, to mainly affect cancer cells in those areas.   

A type of regional chemotherapy called hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, or hot chemotherapy, is being studied to treat stomach cancer and may be offered at certain treatment centers. After the surgeon has removed as much of the cancer as possible during surgery, a chemotherapy drug, such as mitomycin or cisplatin, is warmed and pumped directly into the peritoneal cavity through a thin tube for about 2 hours. The surgeon then drains the chemotherapy from the abdomen and rinses the abdomen before closing the incision.   

Ensayos clínicos

Un ensayo clínico de tratamiento es un estudio de investigación diseñado para mejorar los tratamientos actuales o explorar nuevas opciones para pacientes con cáncer. Para algunos pacientes, participar en un ensayo clínico puede ser una alternativa viable.

Utilice nuestra herramienta de búsqueda de ensayos clínicos para encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre el cáncer respaldados por el NCI que admitan pacientes. Puede buscar ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, la edad del paciente y el lugar donde se realizan. Los ensayos clínicos respaldados por otras organizaciones se pueden encontrar en el sitio web ClinicalTrials.gov.

To learn more, see Clinical Trials Information for Patients and Caregivers.   

Pruebas de seguimiento

Some tests that were done to diagnose or stage the cancer may be repeated to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests. These tests are sometimes called follow-up tests or check-ups.

You may also have blood tests for tumor markers such as CEA and CA 19-9. Increased levels of these markers may mean your stomach cancer has come back. Learn more about Tumor Markers.

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