Tratamiento de tumores del ovario de bajo potencial maligno
Access exceptional care for ovarian low malignant potential tumors and other types of gynecologic cancers at Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center. Our multidisciplinary team has extensive experience caring for this cancer. As one of the first NCI-designated cancer centers, for more than 50 years, we’ve been a leader in the research, diagnosis and treatment of over 200 types of cancer.
We’re at the forefront of treatment and research for ovarian low malignant potential tumors and other gynecologic cancers. We deliver comprehensive treatment plans individualized to our patients’ needs. At Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, we provide access to leading-edge, innovative care informed by the latest cancer research, including access to clinical trials. We are committed to translating pioneering scientific discoveries and leading-edge research into exciting new treatments and therapies.
When you need ovarian low malignant potential tumor care, turn to our providers who are passionate about ending cancer and addressing your whole health needs.
Como centro del cáncer designado por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI, por sus siglas en inglés) Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center apoya la misión y las normas del NCI. La siguiente información sobre los tipos de cáncer, prevención y tratamientos ha sido facilitada por el NCI.
Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version
General Information About Ovarian Low Malignant Potential
Tumores
Puntos clave
- Ovarian low malignant potential tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissue covering the ovary.
- Signs and symptoms of ovarian low malignant potential tumor include pain or swelling in the abdomen.
- Tests that examine the ovaries are used to diagnose and stage ovarian low malignant potential tumor.
- Hay algunos factores que afectan al pronóstico (es decir, la posibilidad de recuperación) y a las opciones de tratamiento.
Ovarian low malignant potential tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissue covering the ovary.
Ovarian low malignant potential tumors have abnormal cells that may become cancer, but usually do not. This disease usually remains in the ovary. When disease is found in one ovary, the other ovary should also be checked carefully for signs of disease.
The ovaries are a pair of organs in the female reproductive system. They are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus (the hollow, pear-shaped organ where a fetus grows). Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries make eggs and female hormones.
Anatomía del aparato reproductor femenino. Los órganos del sistema reproductor femenino incluyen el útero, los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio, el cuello uterino y la vagina. El útero tiene una capa externa muscular llamada miometrio y un revestimiento interno llamado endometrio.
Signs and symptoms of ovarian low malignant potential tumor include pain or swelling in the abdomen.
Ovarian low malignant potential tumor may not cause early signs or symptoms. If you do have signs or symptoms, they may include the following:
- Pain or swelling in the abdomen.
- Pain in the pelvis.
- Gastrointestinal problems, such as gas, bloating, or constipation.
These signs and symptoms may be caused by other conditions. If they get worse or do not go away on their own, check with your doctor.
Tests that examine the ovaries are used to diagnose and stage ovarian low malignant potential tumor.
Se pueden utilizar las siguientes pruebas y procedimientos:
- Examen físico e historial médico: un examen del cuerpo para verificar signos generales de salud, incluida la detección de signos de enfermedad, como bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual. También se tomará un historial de los hábitos de salud del paciente y de enfermedades y tratamientos pasados.
- Pelvic exam: An exam of the vagina, cuello uterino, uterus, trompas de Falopio, ovaries, and recto. Un speculum is inserted into the vagina and the doctor or nurse looks at the vagina and cervix for signs of disease. A citología vaginal of the cervix is usually done. The doctor or nurse also inserts one or two lubricated, gloved fingers of one hand into the vagina and places the other hand over the lower abdomen to feel the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries. The doctor or nurse also inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for lumps or abnormal areas.
Pelvic exam. A doctor or nurse inserts one or two lubricated, gloved fingers of one hand into the vagina and presses on the lower abdomen with the other hand. This is done to feel the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries. The vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, and rectum are also checked.
- examen de ultrasonido: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonograma. The picture can be printed to be looked at later.
Other patients may have a transvaginal ultrasound.
Abdominal ultrasound. An ultrasound transducer connected to a computer is passed over the surface of the abdomen. The ultrasound transducer bounces sound waves off internal organs and tissues to make echoes that form a sonogram (computer picture).
Transvaginal ultrasound. An ultrasound probe connected to a computer is inserted into the vagina and is gently moved to show different organs. The probe bounces sound waves off internal organs and tissues to make echoes that form a sonogram (computer picture).
- CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
- CA 125 assay: A test that measures the level of CA 125 in the blood. CA 125 is a substance released by cells into the bloodstream. An increased CA 125 level is sometimes a sign of cancer or other condition.
- Radiografía de tórax: Radiografía de los órganos y huesos del interior del tórax. Un rayo X es un tipo de haz de energía que puede atravesar el cuerpo y plasmarse en una película, generando una imagen de áreas internas del cuerpo.
- Biopsy: The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer. The tissue is usually removed during surgery to remove the tumor.
Hay algunos factores que afectan al pronóstico (es decir, la posibilidad de recuperación) y a las opciones de tratamiento.
The prognosis and treatment options depend on the following:
- The stage of the disease (whether it affects part of the ovary, involves the whole ovary, or has spread to other places in the body).
- What type of cells make up the tumor.
- El tamaño del tumor.
- The patient’s general health.
Patients with ovarian low malignant potential tumors have a good prognosis, especially when the tumor is found early.
Stages of Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors
Puntos clave
- After ovarian low malignant potential tumor has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if abnormal cells have spread within the ovary or to other parts of the body.
- The following stages are used for ovarian low malignant potential tumor:
- Estadio 1
- Estadio 2
- Estadio 3
- Estadio 4
- Ovarian low malignant potential tumors can recur (come back) after they have been treated.
After ovarian low malignant potential tumor has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if abnormal cells have spread within the ovary or to other parts of the body.
The process used to find out whether abnormal cells have spread within the ovary or to other parts of the body is called staging. The information gathered from the staging process determines the stage of the disease. It is important to know the stage in order to plan treatment. Certain tests or procedures are used for staging. Staging laparotomy (a surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen to remove ovarian tissue) may be used. Most patients are diagnosed with stage I disease.
The following stages are used for ovarian low malignant potential tumor:
Estadio 1
In stage I, the tumor is found in one or both ovaries or fallopian tubes. Stage I is divided into stage IA, stage IB, and stage IC.
- Stage IA: The tumor is found inside a single ovary or fallopian tube.
- Stage IB: The tumor is found inside both ovaries or fallopian tubes.
- Stage IC: The tumor is found inside one or both ovaries or fallopian tubes and one of the following is true:
- tumor cells are found on the outside surface of one or both ovaries or fallopian tubes; or
- the capsule (outer covering) of the ovary ruptured (broke open) before or during surgery; or
- tumor cells are found in the fluid of the peritoneal cavity (the body cavity that contains most of the organs in the abdomen) or in washings of the peritoneum (tissue lining the peritoneal cavity).
Estadio 2
In stage II, the tumor is found in one or both ovaries or fallopian tubes and has spread into other areas of the pelvis, or primary peritoneal cancer is found within the pelvis. Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB.
- Stage IIA: The tumor has spread from where it first formed to the uterus and/or the fallopian tubes and/or the ovaries.
- Stage IIB: The tumor has spread from the ovary or fallopian tube to organs in the peritoneal cavity (the space that contains the abdominal organs).
Estadio 3
Tumor sizes are often measured in centimeters (cm) or inches. Common food items that can be used to show tumor size in cm include: a pea (1 cm), a peanut (2 cm), a grape (3 cm), a walnut (4 cm), a lime (5 cm or 2 inches), an egg (6 cm), a peach (7 cm), and a grapefruit (10 cm or 4 inches).
In stage III, the tumor is found in one or both ovaries or fallopian tubes, or is primary peritoneal cancer, and has spread outside the pelvis to other parts of the abdomen and/or to nearby lymph nodes. Stage III is divided into stage IIIA, stage IIIB, and stage IIIC.
- In stage IIIA, one of the following is true:
- The tumor has spread to lymph nodes in the area outside or behind the peritoneum only; or
- Tumor cells that can be seen only with a microscope have spread to the surface of the peritoneum outside the pelvis, such as the omentum (a fold of the peritoneum that surrounds the stomach and other organs in the abdomen). The tumor may have spread to nearby lymph nodes.
- Stage IIIB: The tumor has spread to the peritoneum outside the pelvis, such as the omentum, and the tumor in the peritoneum is 2 centimeters or smaller. The tumor may have spread to lymph nodes behind the peritoneum.
- Stage IIIC: The tumor has spread to the peritoneum outside the pelvis, such as the omentum, and the tumor in the peritoneum is larger than 2 centimeters. The tumor may have spread to lymph nodes behind the peritoneum or to the surface of the liver or spleen.
Estadio 4
In stage IV, tumor cells have spread beyond the abdomen to other parts of the body. Stage IV is divided into stage IVA and stage IVB.
Ovarian low malignant potential tumors can recur (come back) after they have been treated.
The tumors may come back in the other ovary or in other parts of the body.
Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento
Puntos clave
- There are different types of treatment for patients with ovarian low malignant potential tumor.
- Two types of standard treatment are used:
- Cirugía
- Quimioterapia
- Se están probando nuevos tipos de tratamiento en ensayos clínicos.
- Treatment for ovarian low malignant potential tumors may cause side effects.
- Los pacientes podrían considerar la posibilidad de participar en un ensayo clínico.
- Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their treatment.
- Es posible que se necesiten pruebas de seguimiento.
There are different types of treatment for patients with ovarian low malignant potential tumor.
Different types of treatment are available for patients with ovarian low malignant potential tumor. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer, tumors, and related conditions. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
Two types of standard treatment are used:
Cirugía
The type of surgery (removing the tumor in an operation) depends on the size and spread of the tumor and the woman’s plans for having children. Surgery may include the following:
- Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Surgery to remove one ovary and one fallopian tube.
- Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Surgery to remove both ovaries and both fallopian tubes.
- Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Surgery to remove the útero, cuello uterino, and both ovaries and fallopian tubes. If the uterus and cervix are taken out through the vagina, the operation is called a vaginal hysterectomy. If the uterus and cervix are taken out through a large incisión (cut) in the abdomen, the operation is called a total abdominal hysterectomy. If the uterus and cervix are taken out through a small incision (cut) in the abdomen using a laparoscopio, the operation is called a total laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Histerectomía. El útero se extirpa quirúrgicamente con o sin otros órganos o tejidos. En una histerectomía total, se extirpan el útero y el cuello uterino. En una histerectomía total con salpingooforectomía, (a) se extirpan el útero más un ovario (unilateral) y una trompa de Falopio; o (b) se extirpa el útero más los ovarios (bilaterales) y las trompas de Falopio. En una histerectomía radical, se extirpan el útero, el cuello uterino, ambos ovarios, ambas trompas de Falopio y el tejido cercano. Estos procedimientos se realizan mediante una incisión transversal baja o una incisión vertical.
- Partial oophorectomy: Surgery to remove part of one ovary or part of both ovaries.
- Omentectomy: Surgery to remove the omentum (a piece of the tissue lining the abdominal wall).
After the doctor removes all disease that can be seen at the time of the surgery, the patient may be given chemotherapy after surgery to kill any tumor cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the tumor will come back, is called adjuvant therapy.
Quimioterapia
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Se están probando nuevos tipos de tratamiento en ensayos clínicos.
La información sobre los ensayos clínicos está disponible en el sitio web del NCI.
Treatment for ovarian low malignant potential tumors may cause side effects.
Para obtener información sobre los efectos secundarios causados por el tratamiento para el cáncer, visite nuestra página sobre efectos secundarios.
Los pacientes podrían considerar la posibilidad de participar en un ensayo clínico.
For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the medical research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new treatments are safe and effective or better than the standard treatment.
Many of today's standard treatments for disease are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.
Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way diseases will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.
Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their treatment.
Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose disease has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop a disease from recurring (coming back) or reduce the side effects of treatment.
Se están realizando ensayos clínicos en muchas partes del país. Puede encontrar información sobre los ensayos clínicos patrocinados por el National Cancer Institute en la página web de búsqueda de ensayos clínicos del NCI. Puede encontrar ensayos clínicos patrocinados por otras organizaciones en el sitio web ClinicalTrials.gov.
Es posible que se necesiten pruebas de seguimiento.
Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the disease may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests. This is sometimes called re-staging.
Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your condition has changed or if the disease has recurred (come back). These tests are sometimes called follow-up tests or check-ups.
Treatment of Early Stage Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors (Stage I and II)
Para obtener información sobre los tratamientos que se enumeran a continuación, consulte la sección Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento.
Surgery is the standard treatment for early stage ovarian low malignant potential tumor. The type of surgery usually depends on whether a woman plans to have children.
For women who plan to have children, surgery is either:
To prevent recurrence of disease, most doctors recommend surgery to remove the remaining ovarian tissue when a woman no longer plans to have children.
For women who do not plan to have children, treatment may be hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.
Treatment of Late Stage Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors (Stage III and IV)
Para obtener información sobre los tratamientos que se enumeran a continuación, consulte la sección Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento.
Treatment for late stage ovarian low malignant potential tumor may be hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy. A lymph node dissection may also be done.
Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.
Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Low Malignant Potential
Tumores
Para obtener información sobre los tratamientos que se enumeran a continuación, consulte la sección Descripción general de las opciones de tratamiento.
Treatment for recurrent ovarian low malignant potential tumor may include the following:
- Cirugía.
- Surgery followed by chemotherapy.
Puede utilizar la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos y encontrar ensayos clínicos sobre cáncer patrocinados por el NCI que acepten participantes. La búsqueda le permite filtrar los ensayos según el tipo de cáncer, su edad y el lugar donde se realizan los ensayos. También encontrará información general sobre los ensayos clínicos.
To Learn More About Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors
Para obtener información general sobre el cáncer y otros recursos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, consulte:
Información sobre este resumen del PDQ
Acerca del PDQ
Physician Data Query (PDQ) es la base de datos integral sobre el cáncer del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI). La base de datos del PDQ contiene resúmenes de la última información publicada sobre prevención, detección, genética, tratamiento, atención médica de apoyo y medicina complementaria y alternativa relacionada con el cáncer. La mayoría de los resúmenes se redactan en dos versiones. Las versiones para profesionales de la salud contienen información detallada escrita en lenguaje técnico. Las versiones para pacientes están redactadas en un lenguaje fácil de entender, que no es técnico. Ambas versiones contienen información sobre el cáncer correcta y actualizada. La mayoría de las versiones también están disponibles en español.
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Propósito de este resumen
This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of ovarian low-malignant potential tumors. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.
Revisores y actualizaciones
Los consejos editoriales escriben los resúmenes de información sobre el cáncer del PDQ y los mantienen actualizados. Estos consejos están conformados por equipos de especialistas en el tratamiento del cáncer y otras especialidades relacionadas con esta enfermedad. Los resúmenes se revisan periódicamente y se modifican cuando hay información nueva. La fecha de actualización al pie de cada resumen indica cuándo fue el cambio más reciente.
La información de este resumen para pacientes procede de la versión para profesionales de la salud, la cual el Consejo Editorial del PDQ sobre el tratamiento para adultos revisa y actualiza de forma periódica según sea necesario.
Información sobre ensayos clínicos
Un ensayo clínico es un estudio para responder a una pregunta científica; por ejemplo, si un tratamiento es mejor que otro. Los ensayos se basan en estudios anteriores y en lo que se ha aprendido en el laboratorio. Cada ensayo responde a ciertas preguntas científicas para descubrir mejores maneras de ayudar a los pacientes con cáncer. Durante los ensayos clínicos de tratamiento, se recopila información sobre los efectos de un tratamiento nuevo y su eficacia. Si un ensayo clínico demuestra que un tratamiento nuevo es mejor que uno que se utiliza actualmente, el tratamiento nuevo puede convertirse en “estándar”. Participar en un ensayo clínico puede ser una opción para los pacientes. Algunos ensayos clínicos están abiertos solo a pacientes que aún no han comenzado el tratamiento.
Los ensayos clínicos se pueden encontrar en línea en el sitio web del NCI. Para obtener más información, llame al Servicio de Información sobre el Cáncer (CIS, por sus siglas en inglés), el centro de contacto del NCI, al 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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La forma recomendada para citar este resumen del PDQ es:
PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-low-malignant-treatment-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389247]
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La información de estos resúmenes no debe utilizarse para tomar decisiones sobre reembolsos de seguros. Puede encontrar más información sobre la cobertura de seguros disponible en Cancer.gov/espanol en la página Manejo de la atención médica del cáncer.
Contáctenos
Puede encontrar más información sobre cómo contactarnos o recibir ayuda en el sitio web Cancer.gov en la página Contact Us for Help. También puede enviar sus preguntas a Cancer.gov en el apartado E-mail Us del sitio web.
Updated:
Source URL: https://www.cancer.gov/node/4381/syndication
Agencia de origen: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Captured Date: 2013-09-14 09:02:10.0