Prevención del cáncer de próstata
At the NCI-designated Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, we’re focused on preventing cancer from ever starting by catching it as early as possible, when treatment is easiest and most effective.
Prostate cancer prevention is one of the many goals of our prostate cancer team.
You can take many steps to lower your chances of getting prostate cancer. These include understanding your family health history, choosing healthy nutrition and including exercise in your daily routine. It’s also important to identify cancer in its earliest stage, and getting a prostate cancer screening can help. You can work closely with our doctors to best understand if screening is right for you. You can schedule an appointment at one of our convenient locations throughout the Bronx, Westchester and Hudson Valley. We also partner with Essen Healthcare to host prostate cancer screenings throughout the year.
If you have certain risk factors, our Genetics Program offers high-quality care and resources, empowering you with the knowledge you need to take a proactive approach to your prostate and overall health.
Durante más de 50 años, el Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center ha sido lÃder en la investigación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de más de 200 tipos de cáncer. Contáctenos para obtener servicios expertos de detección y prevención del cáncer .
Como centro del cáncer designado por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI, por sus siglas en inglés) Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center apoya la misión y las normas del NCI. La siguiente información sobre los tipos de cáncer, prevención y tratamientos ha sido facilitada por el NCI.
Prostate Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)–Patient Version
¿Qué es la prevención?
La prevención del cáncer es una acción que se toma para reducir las posibilidades de contraer cáncer. Al prevenir el cáncer, se reduce el número de nuevos casos de cáncer en un grupo o población. Con suerte, esto reducirá el número de muertes causadas por el cáncer.
Para prevenir la aparición de nuevos cánceres, los cientÃficos analizan los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores . Cualquier cosa que aumente las posibilidades de desarrollar cáncer se denomina factor de riesgo de cáncer; Cualquier cosa que reduzca las posibilidades de desarrollar cáncer se llama factor protector contra el cáncer.
Some risk factors for cancer can be avoided, but many cannot. For example, both smoking and inheriting certain genes are risk factors for some types of cancer, but only smoking can be avoided. Regular exercise and a healthy diet may be protective factors for some types of cancer. Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may lower your risk but it does not mean that you will not get cancer.
Different ways to prevent cancer are being studied.
General Information About Prostate Cancer
Puntos clave
- Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the prostate.
- Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the United States.
Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the prostate.
The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate is just below the bladder (the organ that collects and empties urine) and in front of the rectum (the lower part of the intestine). It is about the size of a walnut and surrounds part of the urethra (the tube that empties urine from the bladder). The prostate gland produces fluid that makes up part of the semen.
Anatomy of the male reproductive and urinary systems showing the ureters, bladder, prostate gland, urethra, penis, testicles, and other organs.
As men age, the prostate may get bigger. A bigger prostate may block the flow of urine from the bladder and cause problems with sexual function. This condition is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is not cancer, but surgery may be needed to correct it. The symptoms of BPH or of other problems in the prostate may be like symptoms of prostate cancer.
Normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A normal prostate does not block the flow of urine from the bladder. An enlarged prostate presses on the bladder and urethra and blocks the flow of urine.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the United States.
Prostate cancer is most common in older men. In the United States, about one out of every eight men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer do not die of it.
See the following PDQ summaries for more information about prostate cancer:
Prevención del cáncer de próstata
Puntos clave
- Evitar los factores de riesgo y aumentar los factores de protección puede ayudar a prevenir el cáncer.
- La siguiente riesgo factors may increase the risk of prostate cancer:
- Edad
- Family history of prostate cancer
- Race
- Hormones
- Vitamin E
- Folic acid
- Dairy and calcium
- La siguiente protector factors may decrease the risk of prostate cancer:
- Folate
- Finasteride and dutasteride
- The following have been proven not to affect the risk of prostate cancer, or their effects on prostate cancer risk are not known:
- Selenium and vitamin E
- Dieta
- Multivitamins
- Lycopene
- Los ensayos clÃnicos de prevención del cáncer se utilizan para estudiar formas de prevenir el cáncer.
- New ways to prevent prostate cancer are being studied in clinical trials.
Evitar los factores de riesgo y aumentar los factores de protección puede ayudar a prevenir el cáncer.
Evitar los factores de riesgo del cáncer puede ayudar a prevenir ciertos tipos de cáncer. Entre los factores de riesgo se incluyen el tabaquismo, el sobrepeso y la falta de ejercicio. Aumentar los factores de protección, como dejar de fumar y hacer ejercicio, también puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer. Hable con su médico u otro profesional de la salud sobre cómo puede reducir el riesgo de cáncer.
The following risk factors may increase the risk of prostate cancer:
Edad
Prostate cancer is rare in men younger than 50 years of age. The chance of developing prostate cancer increases as men get older.
Family history of prostate cancer
A man whose father, brother, or son has had prostate cancer has a higher-than-average risk of prostate cancer.
Race
Prostate cancer occurs more often in African American men than in White men. African American men with prostate cancer are more likely to die from the disease than White men with prostate cancer.
Hormones
The prostate needs male hormones to work the way it should. The main male sex hormone is testosterone. Testosterone helps the body develop and maintain male sex characteristics.
Testosterone is changed into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by an enzyme in the body. DHT is important for normal prostate growth but can also cause the prostate to get bigger and may play a part in the development of prostate cancer.
Vitamin E
The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) found that vitamin E taken alone increased the risk of prostate cancer. The risk continued even after the men stopped taking vitamin E.
Folic acid
Folate is a kind of vitamin B that occurs naturally in some foods, such as green vegetables, beans, and orange juice. Folic acid is a man-made form of folate that is found in vitamin supplements and fortified foods, such as whole-grain breads and cereals. A 10-year study showed that the risk of prostate cancer was increased in men who took 1 milligram (mg) supplements of folic acid. However, the risk of prostate cancer was lower in men who had enough folate in their diets.
Dairy and calcium
A diet high in dairy foods and calcium may cause a small increase in the risk of prostate cancer.
The following protective factors may decrease the risk of prostate cancer:
Folate
Folate is a kind of vitamin B that occurs naturally in some foods, such as green vegetables, beans, and orange juice. Folic acid is a man-made form of folate that is found in vitamin supplements and fortified foods, such as whole-grain breads and cereals. A 10-year study showed that the risk of prostate cancer was lower in men who had enough folate in their diets. However, the risk of prostate cancer was increased in men who took 1 milligram (mg) supplements of folic acid.
Finasteride and dutasteride
Finasteride and dutasteride are drugs used to lower the amount of male sex hormones made by the body. These drugs block the enzyme that changes testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Higher than normal levels of DHT may play a part in developing prostate cancer. Taking finasteride or dutasteride has been shown to lower the risk for prostate cancer, but it is not known if these drugs lower the risk of death from prostate cancer.
The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) studied whether the drug finasteride can prevent prostate cancer in healthy men 55 years of age and older. This prevention study showed there were fewer prostate cancers in the group of men that took finasteride compared with the group of men that did not. The number of deaths from prostate cancer was the same in both groups. Men who took finasteride reported more side effects compared with the group of men that did not, including erectile dysfunction, loss of desire for sex, and enlarged breasts. In the PCPT, the men who took finasteride who did have prostate cancer had more aggressive tumors, but a follow-up analysis of the PCPT found that these men did not have more aggressive tumors.
The Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events Trial (REDUCE) studied whether the drug dutasteride can prevent prostate cancer in men aged 50 to 75 years at higher risk for the disease. This prevention study showed there were fewer prostate cancers in the group of men who took dutasteride compared with the group of men that did not. The number of less aggressive prostate cancers was lower, but the number of more aggressive prostate cancers was not. Men who took dutasteride reported more side effects than men who did not, including erectile dysfunction, loss of desire for sex, less semen, and enlarged breasts.
The following have been proven not to affect the risk of prostate cancer, or their effects on prostate cancer risk are not known:
Selenium and vitamin E
The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) studied whether taking vitamin E and selenium (a mineral) will prevent prostate cancer. The selenium and vitamin E were taken separately or together by healthy men 55 years of age and older (50 years of age and older for African American men). The study showed that taking selenium alone or selenium and vitamin E together did not decrease the risk of prostate cancer.
Dieta
It is not known if decreasing fat or increasing fruits and vegetables in the diet helps decrease the risk of prostate cancer or death from prostate cancer. In the PCPT trial, certain fatty acids increased the risk of high-grade prostate cancer while others decreased the risk of high-grade prostate cancer.
Multivitamins
Regular use of multivitamins has not been proven to increase the risk of early or localized prostate cancer. However, a large study showed an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer among men who took multivitamins more than seven times a week.
Lycopene
Some studies have shown that a diet high in lycopene may be linked to a decreased risk of prostate cancer, but other studies have not. It has not been proven that taking lycopene supplements decreases the risk of prostate cancer.
Los ensayos clÃnicos de prevención del cáncer se utilizan para estudiar formas de prevenir el cáncer.
Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to lower the risk of developing certain types of cancer. Some cancer prevention trials are conducted with healthy people who have not had cancer but who have an increased risk for cancer. Other prevention trials are conducted with people who have had cancer and are trying to prevent another cancer of the same type or to lower their chance of developing a new type of cancer. Other trials are done with healthy volunteers who are not known to have any risk factors for cancer.
The purpose of some cancer prevention clinical trials is to find out whether actions people take can prevent cancer. These may include eating fruits and vegetables, exercising, quitting smoking, or taking certain medicines, vitamins, minerals, or food supplements.
New ways to prevent prostate cancer are being studied in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s clinical trials search webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the ClinicalTrials.gov website.
Información sobre este resumen del PDQ
Acerca del PDQ
Physician Data Query (PDQ) es la base de datos integral sobre el cáncer del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (NCI). La base de datos del PDQ contiene resúmenes de la última información publicada sobre prevención, detección, genética, tratamiento, atención médica de apoyo y medicina complementaria y alternativa relacionada con el cáncer. La mayorÃa de los resúmenes se redactan en dos versiones. Las versiones para profesionales de la salud contienen información detallada escrita en lenguaje técnico. Las versiones para pacientes están redactadas en un lenguaje fácil de entender, que no es técnico. Ambas versiones contienen información sobre el cáncer correcta y actualizada. La mayorÃa de las versiones también están disponibles en español.
PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.
Propósito de este resumen
This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about prostate cancer prevention. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.
Revisores y actualizaciones
Los consejos editoriales escriben los resúmenes de información sobre el cáncer del PDQ y los mantienen actualizados. Estos consejos están conformados por equipos de especialistas en el tratamiento del cáncer y otras especialidades relacionadas con esta enfermedad. Los resúmenes se revisan periódicamente y se modifican cuando hay información nueva. La fecha de actualización al pie de cada resumen indica cuándo fue el cambio más reciente.
La información contenida en este resumen para pacientes se tomó de la versión para profesionales de la salud, que el Consejo editorial del PDQ sobre detección y prevención revisa con regularidad y actualiza según sea necesario.
Información sobre ensayos clÃnicos
Un ensayo clÃnico es un estudio para responder a una pregunta cientÃfica; por ejemplo, si un tratamiento es mejor que otro. Los ensayos se basan en estudios anteriores y en lo que se ha aprendido en el laboratorio. Cada ensayo responde a ciertas preguntas cientÃficas para descubrir mejores maneras de ayudar a los pacientes con cáncer. Durante los ensayos clÃnicos de tratamiento, se recopila información sobre los efectos de un tratamiento nuevo y su eficacia. Si un ensayo clÃnico demuestra que un tratamiento nuevo es mejor que uno que se utiliza actualmente, el tratamiento nuevo puede convertirse en “estándarâ€. Participar en un ensayo clÃnico puede ser una opción para los pacientes. Algunos ensayos clÃnicos están abiertos solo a pacientes que aún no han comenzado el tratamiento.
Los ensayos clÃnicos se pueden encontrar en lÃnea en el sitio web del NCI. Para obtener más información, llame al Servicio de Información sobre el Cáncer (CIS, por sus siglas en inglés), el centro de contacto del NCI, al 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Permiso de uso de este resumen
PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
La forma recomendada para citar este resumen del PDQ es:
PDQ® Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. PDQ Prostate Cancer Prevention. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-prevention-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389260]
Las imágenes de este resumen se utilizan con el permiso del autor, artista y/o editorial para uso exclusivo en los resúmenes del PDQ. Si desea usar una imagen de un resumen del PDQ sin incluir el resumen completo, debe obtener autorización del propietario. El National Cancer Institute no puede otorgar dicho permiso. Para obtener más información sobre el uso de las imágenes de este resumen o de otras ilustraciones relacionadas con el cáncer, consulte Visuals Online, una colección de más de 3,000 imágenes cientÃficas.
Descargo de responsabilidad
La información de estos resúmenes no debe utilizarse para tomar decisiones sobre reembolsos de seguros. Puede encontrar más información sobre la cobertura de seguros disponible en Cancer.gov/espanol en la página Manejo de la atención médica del cáncer.
Contáctenos
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Updated:
Source URL: https://www.cancer.gov/node/2521/syndication
Agencia de origen: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Captured Date: 2013-09-14 09:00:58.0