About Holt-Oram Syndrome
The New York Center for Rare Diseases supports the mission and guidelines of the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). The following information is provided by the NIH.
Summary
Holt-Oram syndrome affects the bones of the hands and arms and may also affect the heart. People with Holt-Oram syndrome have at least one bone in the wrist that did not form (develop) normally. Other bones in the hands, arms, and shoulder may also have developed abnormally. Many of these developmental changes in the bones can only be seen on an x-ray. Most people with Holt-Oram syndrome also have heart problems, including problems due to the way the heart formed (congenital) or problems with the way the heart beats. Holt-Oram syndrome is caused by genetic changes (pathogenic variants) in the TBX5 gene. The syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. A diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome may be suspected when a person has symptoms of the syndrome. An x-ray of the hands, wrists, and arms, echocardiogram of the heart, and genetic testing may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Causes
What Causes This Disease?
Genetic Mutations: Holt-Oram syndrome is caused by genetic mutations, also known as pathogenic variants. Genetic mutations can be hereditary, when parents pass them down to their children, or they may occur randomly when cells are dividing. Genetic mutations may also result from contracted viruses, environmental factors, such as UV radiation from sunlight exposure, or a combination of any of these.
If you suspect you may have this disease, you may want to start collecting your family health history. Information such as other family members who have had similar symptoms, when their/your symptoms first appeared, or exposures to any potential disease-causing environmental factors should be discussed with your medical team.
Known Genetic Mutations: Holt-Oram syndrome is caused by genetic mutations in the following known gene(s):
TBX5
Given these known genetic mutation(s), you may want to ask your health care team if genetic testing is right for you. Genetic tests are laboratory tests that use samples of blood, saliva, or other tissues to help identify changes in genes, chromosomes, or proteins. Genetic testing can help confirm or rule out a suspected genetic disease, or can provide other useful information to your health care team.
Can This Disease Be Passed Down From Parent to Child?
Yes. It is possible for a biological parent to pass down genetic mutations that cause or increase the chances of getting this disease to their child. This is known as inheritance. Knowing whether other family members have previously had this disease, also known as family health history, can be very important information for your medical team.
There are multiple ways, or patterns, a disease can be inherited depending on the gene(s) involved. Based on GARD’s current data, this disease can be inherited in the following pattern(s):
Autosomal Dominant: Autosomal means the gene involved is located on one of the numbered chromosomes. Dominant means that a child only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene, from either biological parent, to be affected by the disease.
People affected by an autosomal dominant disease have a 50% chance of passing on the mutated gene to their biological child.