Spondylosis

Spondylosis refers to age-related changes in the vertebrae and discs of the spine. These changes are commonly known as degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis. When this condition affects the lower back, it is called lumbar spondylosis. Although these changes do not always produce symptoms, they are a frequent source of spinal issues that can vary from mild to severe.

As your body ages, the discs between the bones of the spine become stiff and can break down, sometimes growing bone spurs as they degenerate. Conditions such as osteoarthritis and past injuries can contribute to spondylosis, along with genetic factors, repetitive stress, poor posture and a sedentary lifestyle.

The most common risk factors for spondylosis are age, genetics, carrying extra weight, spinal conditions like osteoporosis and previous spinal trauma. Maintaining a healthy posture and an active lifestyle, as well as avoiding jobs that involve repetitive movements or heavy lifting can significantly reduce the risk of spondylosis.

Preventing spondylosis starts with maintaining a healthy weight, practicing good posture and engaging in regular physical activity, including core-strengthening and flexibility exercises. Additionally, taking calcium and vitamin D supplements can also be beneficial for strengthening the bones.

There are often no symptoms for spondylosis, but back pain and stiffness are the primary symptoms when they do occur. They are usually worse in the morning and get better throughout the day. If bony growths push against a nerve root or the spinal cord, you may experience numbness, tingling, weakness or an aching, shooting pain in your buttock and leg.

Spondylosis can usually be diagnosed based on your history of symptoms, a physical exam and imaging tests, including:

• An X-ray, which can help measure the extent of osteoarthritis or injuries to the bones
• A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which checks your spinal nerves and looks for disc problems
• A computed tomography (CT) scan, which checks your spinal canal, bones and joints

Pain and stiffness are first treated with ice or heat and over-the-counter medications. Physical therapy and daily exercises can be helpful. The experts at the Montefiore Einstein Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation will create an individualized treatment plan to help manage pain, repair damage and develop strength in the muscle groups that support the spine.

If these treatments do not bring relief, you may need additional treatments. This is likely to happen if you have spine problems, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis. Sometimes, injecting medicine into the joint area may offer short-term relief. For a severe problem, surgery may be an option.

Symptoms of spondylosis typically improve with physical therapy, over-the-counter pain medication and rest. If the condition is exacerbated by overuse, a lifestyle change may be needed to prevent flare-ups. Many also experience relief by incorporating regular, gentle exercise and maintaining a healthy anti-inflammatory diet.