Hip Fractures 

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A hip fracture is a break in the upper part of the thigh bone (femur). It usually happens near where the thigh bone fits into the hip joint. A hip fracture almost always completely breaks the bone. It can take time to recover. Treatment can help you get back strength and mobility.

Most hip fractures are caused by falls. As you get older, your bones naturally lose some strength and are more likely to break, even from a minor fall. Children and young adults are more likely to break a hip as a result of a bike or car accident or a sports injury.

If your hip is broken, you will most likely:

• Have severe pain in your hip or lower groin area
• Not be able to walk or put any weight on your leg

These symptoms are most common after a fall. But if you have very thin bones from osteoporosis or another problem, you could break your hip without falling. In rare cases, you may have only thigh or knee pain, and you may be able to walk.

Doctors use X-rays to diagnose a broken hip. You may need another test if your doctor thinks you have a fracture but can’t see it on an X-ray. You might have a test such as:

• An MRI, which gives better images of bones and soft tissues
• A CT scan, another way of getting more detailed images
• A bone scan, wherein a dye is injected and an image is captured, which can show hairline fractures, where the bone is cracked but the pieces are still in place

You will most likely need surgery to fix a hip fracture. Surgery usually works well, but your hip will probably take up to three months to get better.

Surgery is done as soon as possible after a hip fracture is diagnosed, often within 24 hours. Having surgery right away may help shorten your stay in the hospital. It can also reduce pain and problems from the surgery. Sometimes surgery is delayed for one to two days so other medical problems can be treated first.

The type of surgery you have depends on where the break is and how bad it is.

There are two types of surgery typically used to treat a hip fracture:

• Hip repair surgery, which is referred to as internal fixation or hip pinning. The doctor uses metal screws, rods or plates to hold the bone together while it heals. This surgery is usually preferred if the bones can be lined up properly.
• Hip replacement surgery, which involves replacing part or all of the joint with artificial parts. In a partial hip replacement, the doctor replaces the broken upper part of the thigh bone. In a total hip replacement, both the hip socket and top of the thigh bone are replaced. Total hip replacement is often done when the fractured bones can’t be properly lined up.

Following surgery, your doctor will encourage you to take part in a rehabilitation (rehab) program that includes both physical and occupational therapy. This will teach you:

• Exercises to help you regain strength and mobility
• New ways to do simple daily activities
• Safe ways to stay active

Taking part in a rehab program is very important because it can speed up your recovery. Rehab can also help you get back to your normal activities sooner.

There are many things you can do to prevent a hip fracture. One of the most important is preventing osteoporosis. Bone thinning can happen to men or women, but it is more common in women.

To keep your bones strong:

• Get plenty of calcium and vitamin D. Dairy foods like milk, cheese and yogurt have lots of calcium. It’s also found in some vegetables, like broccoli and kale. Vitamin D is in foods like salmon, tuna, fortified milk and cereals. If you want to take supplements, ask your doctor how much you need.
• Limit alcohol to no more than one drink a day for women and no more than two drinks a day for men.
• Do weight-bearing exercise that puts pressure on bones and muscles. Walking is a good choice.
• If your doctor prescribes medicine to slow osteoporosis, take it as directed.
• Don’t smoke.

You also need to be careful to prevent falls. Here are a few ways to make your home safer:

• Keep walkways clear of electrical cords and clutter.
• Have good lighting where you are walking.
• Put grab bars and nonslip mats in showers and tubs.

It can also help to:

• Get your eyes checked on a regular basis.
• Exercise to help keep your strength and balance.
• Take medicines as directed. From time to time, ask your primary care doctor to review your medicines. Some medicines, such as sleeping pills or pain relievers, can increase your risk of falling.