Polycythemia

At Montefiore Einstein Hematology (Blood Disorders), you can access exceptional care for polycythemia. As a global leader in hematology, we are an academic-based, national and international referral site for the most complex and high-risk cases. For over a century, we have been at the forefront of innovation, research and clinical care for all types of blood disorders.

Our team of world-renowned hematologists is passionate about uncovering the latest diagnostic approaches and treatments that can improve outcomes.

At Montefiore Einstein Hematology (Blood Disorders), you can expect compassionate, personalized, research-driven treatment plans that meet the highest standards for quality and safety. By combining innovative therapies with proactive patient outreach, we strive to elevate the standard of care and significantly enhance outcomes for those living with polycythemia.

When you need polycythemia care, turn to our dedicated providers who will develop a highly personalized treatment plan.

What Is Polycythemia?

Polycythemia is a blood disorder characterized by excessive production of red blood cells, leading to increased blood viscosity and a higher risk of complications such as blood clots, stroke and heart attack. This condition is classified into two main types:

  • Primary polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare, chronic disorder caused by uncontrolled red blood cell production in the bone marrow, often due to genetic mutations such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2).
  • Secondary polycythemia results from external factors that stimulate red blood cell production, including chronic hypoxia, high altitudes, kidney disease, smoking or the use of certain medications.

Recognizing the type of polycythemia is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Signs & Symptoms of Polycythemia

Polycythemia may present with a range of symptoms, including persistent fatigue, headaches, dizziness and shortness of breath. Patients may experience skin flushing or redness, particularly in the face, as well as itching, which often worsens after a warm bath. Joint pain, particularly related to gout, is also common. Some individuals with polycythemia may develop blood clots, increasing the risk of stroke or other cardiovascular events. Early detection and management can help mitigate these complications.

Diagnosing Polycythemia

A thorough diagnosis of polycythemia involves multiple tests to assess red blood cell levels and rule out secondary causes:

  • A complete blood count (CBC) measures red blood cell mass, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels.
  • Genetic testing, particularly for the JAK2 mutation, helps confirm a diagnosis of polycythemia vera.
  • Bone marrow biopsy may be used to assess cellular activity in the marrow.
  • Additional tests such as oxygen saturation levels, erythropoietin measurements and imaging studies can identify underlying conditions contributing to secondary polycythemia.

Treating Polycythemia

Treatment for polycythemia depends on its cause and severity. For polycythemia vera, standard treatments include phlebotomy, a procedure in which blood is periodically removed to reduce blood viscosity, and medications such as hydroxyurea or JAK inhibitors to control excessive red blood cell production. Low-dose aspirin is often recommended to lower the risk of blood clots.

For secondary polycythemia, treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause. This may involve oxygen therapy for individuals with chronic lung disease or lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking. If kidney disease is a factor, addressing kidney function abnormalities can help regulate red blood cell production.

Montefiore Einstein Hematology (Blood Disorders) provides advanced care through comprehensive monitoring, access to clinical trials and specialized treatments to prevent complications such as strokes, heart attacks and organ damage. Supportive care, including symptom management for itching and fatigue, ensures that patients receive holistic treatment tailored to their individual needs.